Map of the Second Italian War of Independence. Magenta would be an encounter battle, unexpected by either general and fought by only a fraction of each army. It took place near the town of Magenta in northern Italy on 4 June 1859. Battle of Magenta, (June 4, 1859), engagement between France and Austria in the Franco-Piedmontese war during the second war of Italian independence (1859–61). The Battle of Magenta was fought on 4 June 1859 during the Second Italian War of Independence, resulting in a French-Sardinian victory under Napoleon III against the Austrians under Marshal Ferencz Gyulai. Map of the battle (printed c.1888), in Meyers Lexikon, Vol.15, p.10-11. At the start of the war the Piedmontese had been outnumbered by the Austrians, but the Austrians failed to take advantage … The battle of Magenta (4 June 1859) was the first decisive battle of the Second War of Italian Independence and was a badly managed encounter battle that ended as an Austrian defeat, and that forced them to evacuate Lombardy, surrendering it to Napoleon III and Piedmont. The Battle of Solferino was a decisive engagement in the Second Italian War of Independence, a crucial step in the Italian Risorgimento. The war's geopolitical context was the nationalist struggle to unify Italy, which had long been divided among France, Austria, Spain and numerous independent Italian states. French ruler Emperor Napoleon III had allied himself with the kingdom of Piedmont, intending to drive the Austrians out of northern Italy. He had only the II Corps, most of the I Corps, a cavalry division and part of VII Corps immediately available for a battle at Magenta. Ironically, Gyulay had intended to give his troops a day’s rest on June 4 to adjust his dispositions.
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